World of Industries

The Indian working class has yet remained undefferntiated as a class owing to the low degree of industrialisation, the presistence of traditional atachment to the village and joint family (for whatsoever reason), the caste and other social institutions, the low wages and its low composition in the overall population of the country. Expcept for few big industrial centres, where the workers have acquired substantial degree of stability, by and large, the worker has remained a peasant at heart. Oranti has rightly observed, "workers in zIndia do not constitute a wage earning class corresponding to the factory workers of the Western countries. Employment relations are less clearly defined. One can speak of an industrial and "commercial" labour force dependent upon wages and employment from others only in a limited number of localities ande only for the most recent past of India's economic history. Indian workers alternate from being unemployed and available for work to being self-employed in a trade and not available for hire, to activity on land or in their native village, and then back to industriial or commercial employent or unemployment." The remark made in 1955 holds true to the present day.